SAP S/4HANA Administration

Manage and maintain your SAP S/4HANA system! Understand the architecture of the ABAP platform, from its technical requirements to your options for configuration. Set up the system landscape, administer the client and database, and maintain your instances. Put proper security in place using authorizations, user profiles, encryption, and more. From archiving to virtual systems, this is the A-to-Z guide you need to perform all essential administration tasks in SAP S/4HANA.

Highlights include:

1) ABAP platform
2) System landscape
3) Clients
4) Instances
5) Users and authorizations
6) Security
7) Monitoring
8) Performance tuning
9) Database administration
10) Data archiving and transfer
11) Frontend components

... Preface ... 25


... Who Is This Book For? ... 25


... How Is This Book Organized? ... 26


... Acknowledgments ... 29


1 ... The Future of the Basis Administrator ... 31


1.1 ... SAP S/4HANA: On-Premise and in the Cloud ... 32


1.2 ... RISE with SAP ... 33


1.3 ... Summary ... 36


2 ... Overview of the ABAP Platform ... 37


2.1 ... Components of the ABAP Platform ... 38


2.2 ... Client/Server Architecture ... 42


2.3 ... Presentation Layer ... 43


2.4 ... Application Layer ... 53


2.5 ... Database Layer ... 60


2.6 ... SAP S/4HANA and the Internet ... 66


2.7 ... Summary ... 70


3 ... Architecture ... 71


3.1 ... Component Overview ... 71


3.2 ... Dialog Processing ... 75


3.3 ... Background Processing ... 78


3.4 ... Updating ... 106


3.5 ... Lock Management ... 121


3.6 ... Output Management ... 131


3.7 ... Internet and Communication ... 165


3.8 ... Summary ... 196


4 ... Technical Requirements and Operations ... 197


4.1 ... Product Availability Matrix ... 198


4.2 ... SAP S/4HANA Application Layer on Linux and UNIX ... 202


4.3 ... SAP S/4HANA Application Layer on Microsoft Windows ... 212


4.4 ... SAP HANA Database Layer ... 219


4.5 ... Starting, Stopping, and Monitoring Instances on Linux and UNIX ... 226


4.6 ... Starting, Stopping, and Monitoring Instances on Microsoft Windows ... 231


4.7 ... Starting, Stopping, and Monitoring SAP HANA ... 235


4.8 ... Troubleshooting SAP S/4HANA Instances ... 244


4.9 ... Troubleshooting the SAP HANA Database System ... 250


4.10 ... Summary ... 260


5 ... Client Administration ... 263


5.1 ... Data Types ... 264


5.2 ... Clients in an SAP System ... 265


5.3 ... How the System Keeps Clients Apart ... 266


5.4 ... Creating Clients ... 268


5.5 ... Logical Systems ... 274


5.6 ... Copying Clients ... 276


5.7 ... Client Transport ... 283


5.8 ... Working with Table Snapshots ... 289


5.9 ... Deleting a Client ... 292


5.10 ... Transport-Based Copy ... 292


5.11 ... Special Operations for Clients ... 294


5.12 ... Cleaning Up Logs ... 298


5.13 ... Table Logging ... 299


5.14 ... Summary ... 302


6 ... Change Management and Transports in the System Landscape ... 305


6.1 ... Key Terms ... 306


6.2 ... Development Objects ... 307


6.3 ... Change Requests ... 312


6.4 ... Transactions for Managing Change Requests ... 322


6.5 ... Preparing the Transport System ... 328


6.6 ... Transport Management System ... 335


6.7 ... Special Transport Topics ... 351


6.8 ... Summary ... 361


7 ... Maintaining Instances ... 363


7.1 ... Parameters and Profile Maintenance ... 364


7.2 ... Display and Maintain Parameters Online ... 377


7.3 ... Operation Modes ... 381


7.4 ... Dynamic Work Processes ... 389


7.5 ... User Load-Balancing ... 392


7.6 ... RFC Server Groups ... 397


7.7 ... Summary ... 400


8 ... Users and Authorizations ... 401


8.1 ... Users in SAP ... 401


8.2 ... Managing Users ... 403


8.3 ... Mass User Changes ... 411


8.4 ... Password and Login Security ... 414


8.5 ... Authorization Concept ... 419


8.6 ... Managing Roles ... 427


8.7 ... Authorization Profiles ... 446


8.8 ... User Information Management System ... 447


8.9 ... Central User Administration ... 449


8.10 ... Summary ... 458


9 ... Security ... 461


9.1 ... Authentication and Single Sign-On ... 462


9.2 ... Securing Communication ... 488


9.3 ... SAP Web Dispatcher ... 501


9.4 ... Restricting Access ... 517


9.5 ... Protecting Data ... 530


9.6 ... Auditing ... 544


9.7 ... Summary ... 558


10 ... Monitoring Activities ... 559


10.1 ... Application Servers and Work Processes ... 559


10.2 ... Message Server ... 568


10.3 ... Gateway Monitor ... 573


10.4 ... Developer Traces ... 576


10.5 ... System Messages ... 580


10.6 ... User Overview ... 583


10.7 ... System Log ... 584


10.8 ... Runtime Errors ... 586


10.9 ... Host Monitoring ... 589


10.10 ... Summary ... 593


11 ... Performance and Tuning ... 595


11.1 ... Dialog Steps and Response Time ... 596


11.2 ... Statistical Records ... 604


11.3 ... Monitoring the Workload with Transaction ST03 ... 606


11.4 ... Working with Statistical Records: Transaction STATS ... 626


11.5 ... Database Monitors ... 639


11.6 ... Monitoring the Servers ... 645


11.7 ... Memory Management ... 648


11.8 ... Table Buffering ... 659


11.9 ... Summary ... 671


12 ... SAP HANA Database Administration ... 673


12.1 ... Introduction to SAP HANA ... 673


12.2 ... DBA Cockpit for SAP HANA ... 689


12.3 ... SAP HANA Cockpit ... 701


12.4 ... SAP HANA Studio ... 722


12.5 ... Command-Line Tools ... 733


12.6 ... Summary ... 744


13 ... Development ... 745


13.1 ... Development Tools ... 746


13.2 ... Developing a Simple Program ... 748


13.3 ... Changing SAP Code ... 765


13.4 ... Creating and Changing Dictionary Objects ... 767


13.5 ... Performance Analysis Tools ... 778


13.6 ... Summary ... 798


14 ... Data Archiving ... 801


14.1 ... Archive Development Kit ... 802


14.2 ... Archiving Objects ... 803


14.3 ... Storage Options ... 805


14.4 ... Preparation Activities ... 810


14.5 ... Executing Archiving Runs ... 814


14.6 ... Access Options for Archived Data ... 826


14.7 ... Summary ... 832


15 ... Data Distribution and Transfer ... 833


15.1 ... Destinations ... 834


15.2 ... Server Groups and Parallel Processing ... 842


15.3 ... Transactional RFCs ... 847


15.4 ... Queued and Background RFCs ... 848


15.5 ... Application Link Enabling ... 863


15.6 ... Data Transfer ... 874


15.7 ... Summary ... 877


16 ... Frontend Components ... 879


16.1 ... SAP GUI ... 879


16.2 ... SAP Fiori and SAP Fiori Launchpad ... 903


16.3 ... Summary ... 925


17 ... Installations and System Copies ... 927


17.1 ... Software Logistics Toolset ... 927


17.2 ... Software Provisioning Manger ... 929


17.3 ... Installing an SAP S/4HANA System ... 936


17.4 ... Copying an SAP S/4HANA System ... 973


17.5 ... Deleting an SAP S/4HANA System ... 993


17.6 ... Summary ... 996


18 ... Support Packages and Add-ons ... 997


18.1 ... Release and Maintenance Strategy ... 998


18.2 ... Software Update Manager ... 1000


18.3 ... Maintenance Planner ... 1003


18.4 ... Preparing the Update ... 1010


18.5 ... Performing the Update ... 1017


18.6 ... Patching with Transaction SPAM ... 1039


18.7 ... Installing Add-Ons ... 1045


18.8 ... Summary ... 1050


19 ... Services and Support ... 1051


19.1 ... SAP Support Portal and SAP ONE Support Launchpad ... 1051


19.2 ... SAP for ME ... 1052


19.3 ... SAP Notes and Knowledge Base Articles ... 1054


19.4 ... Report an Incident ... 1056


19.5 ... View Incidents ... 1058


19.6 ... Software Downloads ... 1059


19.7 ... Manage Users ... 1060


19.8 ... Request License Keys ... 1061


19.9 ... Manage Remote Connections ... 1062


19.10 ... Additional Sources ... 1066


19.11 ... Summary ... 1068


20 ... A Day in the Life of an SAP System Administrator ... 1069


20.1 ... Daily Tasks ... 1070


20.2 ... Weekly Tasks ... 1072


20.3 ... Monthly Tasks ... 1073


20.4 ... Summary ... 1074


21 ... Installing Your Own System ... 1075


21.1 ... SAP Cloud Appliance Library ... 1076


21.2 ... SAP NetWeaver AS ABAP Developer Edition ... 1085


21.3 ... Summary ... 1092


... Appendices ... 1093


A ... References and Further Reading ... 1093


B ... The Authors ... 1097


... Index ... 1099