Clouds and Their Climatic Impact - Radiation, Circulation, and Precipitation

Clouds and Their Climatic ImpactsClouds are an influential and complex element of Earth's climate system. They evolve rapidly in time and exist over small spatial scales, but also affect global radiative balance and large-scale circulations. With more powerful models and extensive observations now at our disposal, the climate impact of clouds is receiving ever more research attention.Clouds and Their Climatic Impacts: Radiation, Circulation, and Precipitation presents an overview of our current understanding on various types of clouds and cloud systems and their multifaceted role in the radiative budget, circulation patterns, and rainfall.Volume highlights include:_ Interactions of aerosol with both liquid and ice clouds_ Surface and atmospheric cloud radiative feedbacks and effects_ Arctic, extratropical, and tropical clouds_ Cloud-circulation coupling at global, meso, and micro scales_ Precipitation efficiency, phase, and measurements_ The role of machine learning in understandi ng clouds and climateThe American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

Inhaltsverzeichnis:

List of Contributors ixPreface xiii1 Science of Cloud and Climate Science: An Analysis of the Literature Over the Past 50 Years 1Sylvia C. Sullivan and Corinna HoosePart I Clouds and Radiation2 An Overview of Aerosol-Cloud Interactions 15Hamish Gordon, Franziska Glassmeier, and Daniel McCoy3 Ice Crystal Complexity and Link to the Cirrus Cloud Radiative Effect 47Emma Järvinen, Bastiaan van Diedenhoven, Nathan Magee, Steven Neshyba, Martin Schnaiter, Guanglang Xu, Olivier Jourdan, David Delene, Fritz Waitz, Simone Lolli, and Seiji Kato4 Cloud-Radiation Interactions and Cloud-Climate Feedbacks From an Active-Sensor Satellite Perspective 87Grégory V. Cesana, Andrew S. Ackerman, Thibault Vaillant de Guélis, and David S. HendersonPart II Cloud Types5 A Review of the Factors Influencing Arctic Mixed-Phase Clouds: Progress and Outlook 105Ivy Tan, Georgia Sotiropoulou, Patrick C. Taylor, Lauren Zamora, and Manfred Wendisch6 Extratropical Cloud Feedbacks 133Daniel T. McCoy, Michelle E. Fraz er, Johannes Mülmenstädt, Ivy Tan, Christopher R. Terai, and Mark D. Zelinka7 Tropical Marine Low Clouds: Feedbacks to Warming and on Climate Variability 159Timothy A. Myers, Raphaela Vogel, Florent Brient, Hossein Parishani, and Ryan C. Scott8 Mechanisms for the Self-Organization of Tropical Deep Convection 179Jan O. Haerter and Caroline Muller9 An Overview of Mesoscale Convective Systems: Global Climatology, Satellite Observations, and Modeling Strategies 195Sudip Chakraborty, Sylvia C. Sullivan, and Zhe FengPart III Clouds and Circulation10 Interactions Between the Tropical Atmospheric Overturning Circulation and Clouds in Present and Future Climates 225Kathleen A. Schiro and Hui Su11 Clouds and Radiatively Induced Circulations 239Tra Dinh, Bla? Gasparini, and Gilles Bellon12 The Small-Scale Mixing of Clouds with Their Environment: Impacts on Micro- and Macroscale Cloud Properties 255Fabian HoffmannPart IV Clouds and Precipitation13 Precipitation Efficiency and Climate Sensitiv ity 273Nicholas J. Lutsko, Steven C. Sherwood, and Ming Zhao14 Observed Scaling of Precipitation Extremes With Surface Temperature and Convective Available Potential Energy 287Wenhao Dong and Yanluan Lin15 Satellite Precipitation Measurements: What Have We Learnt About Cloud-Precipitation Processes From Space? 303Maki Kikuchi, Scott A. Braun, Kentaroh Suzuki, Guosheng Liu, and Alessandro BattagliaPart V Outlook16 Machine Learning for Clouds and Climate 327Tom Beucler, Imme Ebert-Uphoff, Stephan Rasp, Michael Pritchard, and Pierre GentineIndex 347