Nutrigenomics: How Science Works

The fascinating area of Nutrigenomics describes this daily communication between our diet and our genome. This book describes how nutrition shapes human evolution and demonstrates its consequences for our susceptibility to diseases, such as diabetes and atherosclerosis. Inappropriate diet can yield stress for our cells, tissues and organs and then it is often associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. Overnutrition paired with physical inactivity leads to overweight and obesity and results in increased burden for a body that originally was adapted for a life in the savannahs of East Africa. Therefore, this textbook does not discuss a theoretical topic in science, but it talks about real life and our life-long "chat" with diet. We are all food consumers, thus each of us is concerned by the topic of this book and should be aware of its mechanisms.


The purpose of this book is to provide an overview on the principles of nutrigenomics and their relation to health or disease. The content of this book is based on the lecture course "Nutrigenomics", which is held since 2003 once per year by Prof. Carlberg at the University of Eastern Finland in Kuopio. The book represents an updated but simplified version of our textbook "Nutrigenomics" (ISBN 978-3-319-30413-7). Besides its value as a textbook, "Nutrigenomics: how science works" will be a useful reference for individuals working in biomedicine

Inhaltsverzeichnis:

1Nutrition and common diseases1.1 Evolution of human nutrition1.2 Principles of metabolism 1.3 Dietary molecules1.4 Nutrition and metabolic diseases1.5 Nutrition and cancer1.6 Impact of physical activity2Human genomic variation2.1 Migration and evolutionary challenges of Homo sapiens2.2 Diversity of human populations2.3 Genetic variants of the human genome2.4 Haplotype blocks and GWAS2.5 The 1000 Genomes Project3Sensing nutrition3.1 Nutrient-sensing mechanisms3.2 Nuclear receptors as nutrient sensors3.3 Functions and actions of PPARs3.4 Integration of lipid metabolism by LXRs and FXR3.5 Coordination of the immune response by VDR3.6 Circadian control of metabolic processes4Interference of the human genome with nutrients4.1 Human genetic adaptions4.2 Genetic adaption to dietary changes4.3 Regulatory SNPs and quantitative traits4.4 Nutrigenomic analysis4.5 Personal omics profiles5Nutritional epigenetics5.1 Epigenetic mechanisms5.2 Intermediary metabolism and epigenetic signaling5.3 N utrition-triggered transgenerational epigenetic inheritance5.4 Population epigenetics6Nutritional signaling and aging6.1 Aging and conserved nutrient-sensing pathways6.2 Neuroendocrine regulation of aging6.3 Principles of insulin signaling6.4 Central role of FOXO transcription factors6.5 Caloric restriction from yeast to mammals6.6 Cellular energy status sensing by sirtuins and AMPK7Chronic inflammation and metabolic stress7.1 Central role of monocytes and macrophages7.2 Acute and chronic inflammation7.3 Reverse cholesterol transport and inflammation7.4 Sensing metabolic stress via the ER8 Obesity8.1 Definition of obesity8.2 Adipogenesis8.3 Inflammation in adipose tissue8.4 Energy homeostasis and hormonal regulation of food uptake8.5 Genetics of obesity9 Insulin resistance and diabetes9.1 Glucose homeostasis9.2 Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and liver
9.3 beta cell failure9.4 Definition of diabetes9.5 Disturbed glucose homeostasis in T2D and its treatment9.6 Genetics and epigenetics of T2D10Heart disease and the metabolic syndrome10.1 Hypertension10.2 Mechanisms of atherosclerosis 10.3 Lipoproteins and dyslipidemias10.4 Whole body's perspective of the metabolic syndrome10.5 Metabolic syndrome in key metabolic organs10.6 Genetics and epigenetics of the metabolic syndrome